Exception: Could not find closing tag </standard:image>


Debug Info:
- $strSnippet: ' <standard:imagen <br>datos-src="https://gifttree.co.nz/media/commerce_products/73637/1936683348185.png" src="https://cf.cjdropshipping.com/20200302/37731012847619.png?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp" /><br /> </p> <p>  </p>'

in /usr/lib/php/Oncord/beta/Framework/DOM/Features/Controls/TokenHandler/TokenHandler.inc.php line 176