Exception: Could not find closing tag </standard:image>


Debug Info:
- $strSnippet: 'Fuente de datos: https://gifttree.co.nz/media/commerce_products/76081/0383a45f-f4fd-447b-aac0-00e6489b0e30.jpg Fuente de datos: https://cf.cjdropshipping.com/0383a45f-f4fd-447b-aac0-00e6489b0e30.jpg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://cf.cjdropshipping.com/fcdda977-505c-4063-9e69-5babff2ef232.jpg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp'

in /usr/lib/php/Oncord/beta/Framework/DOM/Features/Controls/TokenHandler/TokenHandler.inc.php line 176