Exception: Could not find closing tag </standard:image>


Debug Info:
- $strSnippet: ' <p> <p> src="https://cf.cjdropshipping.com/1615987528424.png?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp" /> </p>'

in /usr/lib/php/Oncord/beta/Framework/DOM/Features/Controls/TokenHandler/TokenHandler.inc.php line 176