Exception: Could not find closing tag </standard:image>


Debug Info:
- $strSnippet: 'Lista de empaque: Gorra de casco*1 Imagen del producto: Fuente de datos: https://gifttree.co.nz/media/commerce_products/71067/f099112b-0617-46c2-937d-6cee07eecc72_trans.jpeg Fuente de datos: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/f099112b-0617-46c2-937d-6cee07eecc72_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/e4c02128-46e6-488f-a57f-51265cd57832_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/acd3f647-71a2-4c8e-9713-4addea424f06_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/7b2cb978-8974-40ce-8165-9593dd35e2cc_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/a6fd29cd-840a-4f2c-9ece-2ad8433528ce_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/a975e72e-6ba3-4644-b57d-fbcadd7c0c78_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/990a2705-aa9b-4b66-af77-50616a9b784d_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/2fd3b375-c44c-4c48-a679-7e3101ae48ec_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/4aaed1fe-1b44-4160-81d6-977f3d42e2e7_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/02896f43-b483-4987-a5ba-388e15e14e8f_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/product/2024/08/16/11/0e2fd639-d154-4571-a9fc-b13c7cce294e_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp Fuente: https://oss-cf.cjdropshipping.com/producto/2024/08/16/11/aef7204e-55bb-4497-89bf-4e678f0c0f74_trans.jpeg?x-oss-process=image%2Fformat%2Cwebp'

in /usr/lib/php/Oncord/beta/Framework/DOM/Features/Controls/TokenHandler/TokenHandler.inc.php line 176